民国川西藏族教育“雇读制”现象述论

民国时期川西藏族教育中出现的“雇读制”现象起源于清末在川边实施改土归流的过程中,并经历了沉寂期、复苏期、高潮期和衰退期四个发展阶段。“雇读制”有集体雇读和个人雇读两种,受雇对象多是居住在当地的汉民子弟,雇读报酬一般是采用付藏洋、替徭役和供糌粑等方式,这种现象在川西藏族地区非常普遍。“雇读制”现象主要在川西藏族教育中盛行不仅有其深刻的社会政治、经济及文化等方面的原因,而且当时川西藏族教育的教学内容、教学水平以及学制系统等也产生了影响。     

Evaluating the reliability of microsatellite genotyping from low-quality DNA templates with a polynomial distribution model

Molecular studies using trace DNA, such as from museum specimens, ancient or forensic samples and samples obtained noninvasively, often have a common problem of low quality of DNA templates. Amplification errors, such as allelic dropout and false allele, may arise during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using such samples. A mathematical model which treats homozygotes and heterozygotes discriminately has been developed to measure sample quality and compute the confidence level of using multipletube approaches. We use plucked hair samples collected from 26 individual Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxel- lana) to test the model. In this case, a confidence level of 99% can be achieved by three positive PCRs. If the sample quality is very poor and requires many PCR replicates, an alternative multiplestep genotyping method is recommended. This model enables researchers to optimize experimental protocols through pilot studies and obtain reliable genetic information using noninvasive sampling method.     

四川前陆盆地中西部须家河组成岩作用与成岩相

四川前陆盆地由于构造相对复杂,探讨不同构造带上成岩作用和成岩相差异对储层预测具有重要意义.在沉积相、铸体薄片观察和岩矿分析数据基础上,对各构造带上须家河组砂岩的成岩作用进行系统研究.得出逆冲推覆带前缘以压实作用和破裂作用为主;川西前渊坳陷带以压实和压溶作用为主;前陆斜坡和前陆隆起带压实作用相对较弱,绿泥石环边胶结作用和...     

浅议皖江城市带饮食文化旅游资源开发以芜湖为例

分析芜湖地区饮食文化资源特征和芜湖饮食文化旅游资源的开发基础及开发依据，并提出芜湖饮食文化旅游的开发措施。     

Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria) of the Galápagos,with a list of species reported from the islands

The hydroid fauna of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, is known largely from reports of collections made between 1932 and 1938 during several Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Of some 100 nominal species (excluding Stylasteridae) reported from the archipelago overall, including species obtained during other expeditions, 81 are recognized as valid. An additional 15 species are added here, 14 of them based on collections undertaken between 1992 and 2000. Leptothecates account for 66 of the 96 species, while anthoathecates comprise the remaining 30. One previously undescribed leptothecate, Halopteris violae, sp. nov., is characterized and compared with H. tenella (Verrill, 1874) and H. minuta (Trebilcock, 1928), species it closely resembles. Gonothecae of Sertularella costata Leloup, 1940 are described for the first time. Plumularia galapagensis, nom. nov., is proposed as a replacement name for the invalid junior primary homonym Plumularia tenuissima Fraser, 1938b (not Plumularia tenuissima Totton, 1930). Under provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the widely used name Cladocoryne floccosa Rotch, 1871 is designated a nomen protectum and assigned precedence over its largely unknown senior synonym Hydra corynaria Bosc, 1797, which is reduced to the status of nomen oblitum. Balella irregularis (Fraser, 1938) from the Galápagos is considered conspecific with Balella mirabilis (Nutting, 1905) from Hawaii and Japan. Six new combinations are introduced: Bimeria laxa Fraser, 1938a is assigned to the genus Garveia Wright, 1859, as G. laxa (Fraser, 1938a); Tubularia integra Fraser, 1938a is assigned to Ectopleura L. Agassiz, 1862, as E. integra (Fraser, 1938a); Campanulina ramosa Fraser, 1938a is assigned to Opercularella Hincks, 1868, as O. ramosa (Fraser, 1938a); Bonneviella minor Fraser, 1938a is assigned to Scandia Fraser, 1912, as S. minor (Fraser, 1938a); Campanularia gracilicaulis Fraser, 1938a is assigned to Clytia Lamouroux, 1812, as C. gracilicaulis (Fraser, 1938a); Sertularia anceps Fraser, 1938a is assigned to Dynamena Lamouroux, 1812, as D. anceps (Fraser, 1938a). Hydroids of the Galápagos are moderately well known faunistically, at least in comparison with those of other areas in the Eastern Pacific Tropical Region.     

论四川军阀态势对川陕革命根据地的影响

红四方面军从入川建立川陕革命根据地到出川北上抗日，面临的主要敌人就是四川各路军阀。四川军阀的态势，时刻影响着敌我战略格局。怎样利用军阀与军阅之间的矛盾开展斗争，成为关乎红四方面军和川陕革命根据地成败的重要因素。深入考察四川军阀态势对川陕革命根据地的创建、巩固、撤离过程的影响，可以获得有益的历史经验和教训。     

少数民族地区与东部发达地区发展经济的协同效应研究

从经济发展的生产要素角度分析,少数民族地区与东部发达地区各有优势;从协同理论的高度研究,少数民族地区与东部发达地区必须实现资源共享,才能优势互补,扬长避短,才能更有规模、更有效率的发展。作者认为少数民族地区发展经济运用协同效应的模式,可选择资源带动型、商业集群、非公经济为主体等模式;并提出了6条措施,帮助和培养少数民族地区的造血功能。     

论红三十三军的历史功绩

由川东游击军改编成的红三十三军,其战斗历程、巨大贡献和历史作用,在中国革命史和军史上都留下了重要篇章。对红三十三军的建立及演变、战斗功绩、历史地位和作用进行了梳理。     

蔡邕“从卓致死”本事刍议

董卓带兵入京,开启了汉末政坛军阀混战、动荡不安的局面。毫无疑问,作为一介残忍暴虐的武夫,他死不足惜,但他对蔡邕的恩遇和重用,却造就了蔡邕的悲剧命运。随着对董卓之死所发出的一声叹息,蔡邕被王允斥为附逆而下狱,最终死于非命。蔡邕之死,历来论者纷纭,观点不一。本文尝试结合汉末的政治环境及蔡邕的人生经历对他所造成的影响等方面,对蔡邕"从卓被杀"的原因进行多方面的分析。     

变频调速在皮带传送机械的应用

文中对青岛港皮带传送机械在使用中遇到的问题进行了分析,为使皮带机实现多功能化,提出使用变频器对其皮带速度进行控制,达到了提高生产效率、降低安全隐患的目的,通过实践验证了该系统的有效性和可靠性,该研究成果已经取得良好的经济效益和社会效益,可为其它港口和行业提供技术借鉴。